Human papillomavirus is a contagious infection transmitted by skin-to-skin contact with the infected person. It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI). It can be prevented by the HPV vaccine. This guide will help you understand how an HPV vaccine is administered.
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HPV Routine and Catch-up Vaccination
Human papillomavirus vaccination is recommended for persons aged 11-12 years (but can be used for children as young as 9 years). Catch-up vaccination can be administered to persons aged 18 and below if they were not adequately vaccinated. The HPV vaccine can be given as 2 or 3-dose series as follows;
Persons aged 9-14 years at initial vaccination – a 2 dose series given at 0, 6 to12 months with a minimum interval of 5 months.
Persons aged 15 years and above at initial vaccination – a 3-dose series given at 0, 1-2 months, and 6 months with minimum intervals recommended as follows; dose 1-2 =4 weeks, dose 2-3 = 12 weeks, and dose 1-3= 5 months. If a dose is administered too soon, it should be repeated.
In cases where the Human papillomavirus vaccination schedule is interrupted, the dose does not have to be restarted. Upon completion of the series, no additional doses are recommended.
HPV Special situations
Persons with immune-compromising conditions such as HIV infection should get a 3-dose series of Human papillomavirus vaccines. Persons with a history of sexual assault or abuse should begin their vaccination at 9 years of age. It is advised that the HPV vaccine be administered after pregnancy, and if administered during pregnancy, there is no need for intervention. Pregnancy testing is not necessary before vaccination.
Influenza Vaccination Schedule
Influenza is a viral infection affecting the respiratory tract. In common, it is referred to as ‘flu’. The flu shots or the influenza vaccines IIV, LAIV4, and RIV4 can be administered as follows;
Influenza Routine vaccination
Influenza vaccine is administered, and the routine will depend on the age and health status of the person.
Children aged 6 months – 8 years should receive 2 doses with a 4 weeks interval if they have received less than 2 influenza doses prior to July 1, 2020, or have an unknown influenza vaccination history. Children should receive the 2nd dose even if they turn 9 years old before receiving the 2nd dose. 1 dose should be administered to children aged 6 months to 8 years if at all they have received at least 2 doses before July 1, 2020. Persons aged 9 years and above should receive 1 dose.
Special considerations
Persons with egg allergy, with symptoms of hives or any symptoms other than hives, for example, angioedema, respiratory distress, and in need of emergency medical services or epinephrine, can receive any influenza vaccine that is deemed appropriate for their age and health status. However, if persons with egg allergy with symptoms other than hives are receiving an influenza vaccine other than Flublok or Flucelvax, the vaccine should be administered in a medical setting and should be under the supervision of a certified health care provider who is able to identify and manage severe allergic reactions.
All vacation providers are required to be familiar with office emergency plans and certified in cardiopulmonary because of severe allergic reactions to vaccines, even in a case where the person has no history of allergic reactions. A severe allergic reaction is a contraindication to receipt of any influenza vaccine in the future.
LAIV4 should not be administered to persons with the conditions below;
- Persons with a history of severe allergic reaction to any dose of any influenza vaccine or any other vaccine component.
- Persons under aspirin or salicylate-containing medications
- Children aged 2 to 4 years with a history of asthma or wheezing
- Persons immuno-compromised due to reasons such as medications and HIV infection
- Anatomic or functional asplenia persons
- Expectant mothers
- Cochlear implant
- Children aged 2 years and below
- Persons who have received any influenza antiviral medications (oseltamivir or zanamivir) within the last 48 hours should receive peramivir within the last 5 days or baloxavir within the last 17 days.
