MMR vaccine is used to protect persons from the following viral diseases:
- Measles– an acute respiratory infection in which a person experiences high fever followed by rashes which appear on the skin after at least 14 days of exposure to the virus.
- Mumps– a viral infection affecting the saliva-producing glands that are located in the region below ears and cause swelling of that area that is most of the time painful.
- Rubella– characterized by low-grade fever, sore throat and rashes that starts from the face of the affected person and then spread down to the whole body.
MMR vaccine as follows;
- Routine vaccination – MMR vaccine is administered in a 2-dose series to children at 12-15 months and 4-6 years. The 2nd dose can, however, be given 4 weeks after the 1st dose.
- Catch-up vaccination – Children and adolescents who have not been vaccinated are given MMR vaccine as a 2 dose series on a schedule of at least 4 weeks apart. MMRV is recommended for use in children up to the age of 12 years.
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Special Situations for MMR Vaccine
For persons making international travels, the following guidelines are applicable;
Infants aged 6-11 months: They should be administered 1 dose prior to departure. They should then be revaccinated with a 2-dose series at the age of 12-15 months with an interval of 4 weeks. The 12 monthly schedule is for kids in high-risk areas.
Unvaccinated children aged 12 months and above should receive a 2-dose series before departure with a 4 weeks interval.
Poliovirus Vaccination Schedule
The Polio vaccine is administered as discussed below.
Routine vaccination
Polio vaccine is administered as a 4-dose series which is given at the ages of 2, 4, 6-18 months, and 4-6 years. The final dose should be administered on or after $ years of age and at least 6 months after the previously administered dose. Children can be given 4 or more doses of IPV before the age of 4 years if a combination vaccine that contains IPV is used. However, even if a combination vaccine is being used, it is recommended that a dose be administered to the person on or after the age of 4 years and at least 6 months after the previously administered dose.
Catch-up vaccinationfor polio
For children aged 6 months or below, catch-up vaccination should be given based on the minimum ages and intervals only if the persons are traveling to a polio-endemic region and/or during a polio outbreak. In the US, IPV is not generally recommended for persons aged 18 years and above.
If a series that contains oral polio vaccine (OPV) (that is, OPV-IPV or OPV-only) is being adopted; the total number of doses endorsed for the US IPV schedule should be adopted to complete the series. In fulfilling US vaccination requirements, only trivalent OPV (tOPV) are considered. In this regard, doses of OPV administered to persons before April 1, 2016, count unless they are specifically noted as having been given during a campaign. OPV dose administered on or after the 1st of April 2016, does not count.
Rotavirus Vaccination Schedule
Rotavirus vaccines should be administered before 8 months of age as follows;
- Routine vaccination – If Rotarix is being used, a 2-dose series should be given at 2 and 4 months. If RotaTeq is being used, a 3-dose series is used with a dose being given at the ages of 2, 4 months, and 6 months.
- Catch-up vaccination – The catch-up vaccinations should NOT be started on or after the age of 15 weeks and 0 days. The maximum age of administering the catch-up vaccination is 8 months and 0 days.
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